1. “The requested document does not exist. – EUR-Lex”. Archived from the original on 2009-09-05. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
2. ^ Cuba (09/01) US Department of State report
3. ^ Cuba Takes Over Chair of ACS Transport Committee Caribbean Investor
4. ^ How Cuba Fits into Brazil’s Plans Archived 2009-12-02 at the Wayback Machine Brazzilmag
5. ^ Cuba Asks to Join Mercosur Archived 2008-02-28 at the Wayback Machine The Trumpet
6. ^ “History of Cuba”. Emayzine.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
7. ^ Castro, Fidel (August 1968). “Castro comments on Czechoslovakia crisis”. FBIS. Archived from the original on 2011-05-15.
8. ^ The Havana Obsession: Why All Eyes are on a Bankrupt Island by Moisés Naím, Newsweek, June 22, 2009
9. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Pamela S. Falk, “Cuba in Africa.” Foreign Affairs 65.5 (1987): 1077-1096. online
10. ^ Quirk, Robert (August 1995). Fidel Castro. W. W. Norton & Company.
11. ^ Wolf Grabendorff, “Cuba’s involvement in Africa: An interpretation of objectives, reactions, and limitations.” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 22.1 (1980): 3-29, quoting p. 5. online
12. ^ Louis A. Pérez, Cuba: Between Reform and Revolution (5th ed. 2015) pp 300-301.
13. ^ Wikiquote:Nelson Mandela
14. ^ Jump up to:^a b O’Grady, Mary Anastasia (2005-10-30). “Counting Castro’s Victims”. The Wall Street Journal, Center for a Free Cuba. Archived from the original on 2006-04-18. Retrieved 2006-05-11.
15. ^ Return to Havana by Maurice Halperin
16. ^ “Recipient Grants: Center for a Free Cuba”. 2006-08-25. Archived from the original on 2007-08-28. Retrieved 2006-08-25.
17. ^ Quirk, Fidel Castro, pp 718-21, 782-83
18. ^ Pérez, Cuba: Between Reform and Revolution (5th ed. 2015) p 301.
19. ^ H. V. Hodson, ed. The annual register : a record of world events 1979 (1980) pp 372-75.
20. ^ Pérez, Cuba: Between Reform and Revolution (5th ed. 2015) pp 300-301.
21. ^ Pol De Vos, et al. “Cuba’s international cooperation in health: an overview.” International Journal of Health Services 37.4 (2007): 761-776. online
22. ^ “Castro Laments ‘Very Sad Things’ in Bloc”. Washington Post. 1989-11-09. Archived from the original on 2013-08-21. Retrieved 2006-05-22.

• Organization of Turkic States (OTS): Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).
• Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO): Turkish Cypriot State/TRNC.
• Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE): Turkish Cypriot Community.
• International Organization of Turkic Culture (Türksoy): Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
• Parliamentary Assembly of Turkic States (TURKPA): Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. 

Cyprus‘s CYS-CYSAB operates in full compliance with CYS EN ISO/IEC 17011:2017, verified through regular EA peer evaluations under EU Regulation 765/2008, ensuring impartiality, competence, and systematic operations.

​

Country is free economy having independant AB like UKJAS  Accreditation ( UKJAS ) https://ukjas.com , World Yoga Accreditation Board ( WYAB) https://worldyoga.us/ ,  World Organic Accreditation Board ( WOAB) https://worldorganic.us/  and Sanatan Dharma Accreditation board ( SDAB ) https://sanatanboards.com/  etc member of IAF-AB as well as national accreditation board member of international body​​​

ISO 17011 Compliance

CYS-CYSAB transitioned from ISO/IEC 17011:2004 to the 2017 edition, confirmed by EA MLA signatory status across all scopes (last peer evaluation October 2023), supporting full international body recognition. Operations align with EN ISO/IEC 17011 for accrediting labs, inspections, and certification bodies.​

Verification Process

EA peer evaluations validate adherence via document review, on-site audits, and witnessing, with successful outcomes maintaining MLA signatory status since 2013. Details at https://www.cys.mcit.gov.cy or EA reports.

Cyprus‘s CYS-CYSAB accredits inspection bodies (σώματα επιθεώρησης) to CYS EN ISO/IEC 17020:2012 (Type A, B, C), ensuring competence, impartiality, and consistency for inspections in sectors like lifts, LPG, construction products, and Notified Body activities.​

Accreditation Scopes

CYS-CYSAB’s ISO/IEC 17020 program, international body signatory since 27 Feb 2013, covers product, process, installation, and service inspections, supporting EU market access and regulatory compliance. Examples include CyCert (management systems inspection) and Nortest (third-party inspection).​

Search active inspection bodies by scope in IAF-AB directory  Cert@Search

    Deming Certification Services:  

• • Primarily serves the oil and gas, agriculture, and construction industries with inspection, verification, testing, and certification services.

• Deming certifaction and Ratings 
  • serves Country with a variety of certification services, including ISO 45001 health and safety, ISO 14001 environmental management, and ISO 9001 quality management.
• Six Sigma Quality International
  • assists Country businesses in aligning with international standards and best practices by providing certification and training services as per ISO 17024.

Cyprus‘s CYS-CYSAB accredits certification bodies (σώματα πιστοποίησης) to CYS EN ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, covering QMS (ISO 9001), EMS (ISO 14001), OH&S (ISO 45001), and related schemes with full international body MLA signatory status.​

Accreditation Scopes

CYS-CYSAB accredits bodies like CyCert (Cyprus Certification Company, multiple scopes including ISO 9001/14001/45001) and Nortest (since 2019), ensuring impartial audits for EU market acceptance and regulatory compliance. Scopes include quality, environment, occupational health & safety, energy, and information security management systems.​

Search active CBs via CYS-CYSAB registry at https://www.cys.mcit.gov.cy (filter ISO/IEC 17021) or international body CertSearch.

•     Deming Certification Services:  
  • Primarily serves the oil and gas, agriculture, and construction industries with inspection, verification, testing, and certification services.

• Deming certifaction and Ratings 
  • serves Country with a variety of certification services, including ISO 45001 health and safety, ISO 14001 environmental management, and ISO 9001 quality management.
• Six Sigma Quality International
  • assists Country businesses in aligning with international standards and best practices by providing certification and training services as per ISO 17024.
• Deming  Ratings
  • Deming ratings green building solutions, green company rating, green infrastructure ratings, green railway station rating, green metro ratings, green health care rating, green interior rating,green airport ratings, green compus ratings & green school ratings etc.
• Six Sigma Labs
  • Six sigma labs offer calibration and testing facility , welding test solution , health and hygiene Solution, Product Quality Test facility as per ISO 17025
• Deming Technologies Lab 
  • Deming Technologies Lab offer calibration & testing facility on electro technical, Mechanical, Chemical, NDT, Welding testing, Mobile Crane Oprating testing etc.

Cyprus‘s CYS-CYSAB accredits product certification bodies (σώματα πιστοποίησης προϊόντων) to CYS EN ISO/IEC 17065:2012, ensuring impartiality and competence for certifying products, processes, and services with full international body MLA signatory status (extended September 2019).​

Accreditation Scopes

CYS-CYSAB accredits entities like CyCert (Cyprus Certification Company) for product certification schemes, supporting EU market access, Notified Body notifications, and regulatory compliance for construction products, machinery, and consumer goods. Scopes cover conformity to harmonized standards and national schemes.​

Search active product certifiers by scope in IAF-AB directory  Cert@Search

• Deming certifaction and Ratings 
  • serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
• Deming  Ratings
  • Deming ratings green building solutions, green company rating, green infrastructure ratings, green railway station rating, green metro ratings, green health care rating, green interior rating,green airport ratings, green compus ratings & green school ratings etc.
  • serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
• Six Sigma Labs
  • Six sigma labs offer calibration and testing facility , welding test solution , health and hygiene Solution, Product Quality Test facility as per ISO 17025,
  • serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
• Deming Technologies Lab 
  • Deming Technologies Lab offer calibration & testing facility on electro technical, Mechanical, Chemical, NDT, Welding testing, Mobile Crane Oprating testing etc.
  • serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services

​

Cyprus‘s CYS-CYSAB accredits testing/calibration laboratories to CYS EN ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and medical laboratories to CYS EN ISO 15189:2022 (ISO 17065 applies to product certification bodies, not labs).​

Accreditation Laboratory ISO 17025/15189 – Cyprus

CYS-CYSAB accredits testing/calibration labs for chemical, mechanical, environmental, and metrology scopes under ISO/IEC 17025 (65 testing labs, 6 calibration labs), plus clinical/medical labs for diagnostics under ISO 15189 (e.g., CING accredited 02/04/2025), ensuring competence and full international body MLA recognition since 2013. Accredited results support regulatory compliance, EU market access, and international trade.​

Search scopes/entities in CYS-CYSAB’s registry at https://www.cys.mcit.gov.cy or international bodyCertSearch.

Cyprus‘s CYS-CYSAB accredits GHG verifiers under CYS EN ISO 14065 with ISO 14064-3 (verification/validation) and ISO/IEC 17029, linked to ISO/IEC 17021 for management systems like ISO 14064-1 inventories.​

Rating Agencies ISO 14064/17021 – Cyprus

CYS-CYSAB accredits bodies for GHG inventories (ISO 14064-1), projects (ISO 14064-2), and assertions (ISO 14064-3), supporting EU ETS compliance (mandatory MRV), voluntary carbon footprint declarations, and national reporting with full international body MLA recognition. Examples include CyCert (ISO 14064 verification services).​

• Deming certifaction and Ratings 
  • serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
• Deming  Ratings
  • Deming ratings green building solutions, green company rating, green infrastructure ratings, green railway station rating, green metro ratings, green health care rating, green interior rating,green airport ratings, green compus ratings & green school ratings etc.
  • serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
• Six Sigma Labs
  • Six sigma labs offer calibration and testing facility , welding test solution , health and hygiene Solution, Product Quality Test facility as per ISO 17025,
  • serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
• Deming Technologies Lab 
  • Deming Technologies Lab offer calibration & testing facility on electro technical, Mechanical, Chemical, NDT, Welding testing, Mobile Crane Oprating testing etc.
  • serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services

Cyprus‘s CYS-CYSAB accredits GHG verification and validation bodies (σώματα επαλήθευσης/επιβεβαίωσης GEI) to CYS EN ISO 14065 and CYS EN ISO/IEC 17029, supporting ISO 14064-3 assertions with full EA MLA signatory status.​

GHG Verification/Validator – Cyprus

CYS-CYSAB accredits bodies for organizational GHG inventories (ISO 14064-1), projects (ISO 14064-2), and verification/validation (ISO 14064-3), enabling EU ETS compliance (mandatory MRV under Directive 2003/87/EC), voluntary carbon markets, and national reporting. CyCert provides accredited ISO 14064 verification services as an approved verifier by Dept. of Environment.​

Search active entities/scopes in CYS-CYSAB registry at https://www.cys.mcit.gov.cy (filter ISO 14065/17029) or international body CertSearch.​

Accreditation Benefits

Accredited entities gain full international recognition through CYS-CYSAB’s EA/ILAC/IAF MLA signatory status, enabling EU-wide acceptance of certifications, tests, inspections, and GHG verifications without technical barriers. Benefits include enhanced market competitiveness, regulatory compliance, and global trust in conformity assessment results.​

Status Maintenance

Accreditation remains valid subject to annual surveillance audits and re-assessments every 4 years per ISO/IEC 17011, with no formal privileged tiers documented. Contact CYS-CYSAB ([email protected]) for details.