Luxembourg is a highly developed European nation known for its strong financial sector, advanced industrial base, and strategic position at the heart of Europe. Despite its small geographic size, Luxembourg plays a major role in international finance, logistics, steel production, space technology, and sustainable investment.
Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union, a member of the Eurozone, NATO, and the World Trade Organization. Its regulatory and quality infrastructure is fully aligned with European and international standards, ensuring strong compliance, transparency, and global recognition.
Quality Infrastructure in Luxembourg
Luxembourg maintains a well-structured national quality system that includes:
- Accreditation
- Certification
- Inspection
- Testing and calibration laboratories
- Medical laboratories
- Environmental validation and verification
The national accreditation authority is the Office Luxembourgeois d’Accréditation et de Surveillance (OLAS). OLAS operates in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011 and is a signatory to European and international multilateral recognition agreements International body.
Importance of Accreditation in Luxembourg
As a financial and international business hub, accreditation in Luxembourg is essential for:
- Ensuring regulatory compliance within the EU
- Supporting CE marking and free movement of goods
- Strengthening financial sector credibility
- Enhancing ESG and sustainability reporting
- Building international investor confidence
Luxembourg’s internationally recognized accreditation system ensures that conformity assessment bodies operate with competence, impartiality, and global credibility.
References
- “The World Factbook”. Central Intelligence Agency. 24 November 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Special Eurobarometer 516 : European citizens’ knowledge and attitudes towards science and technology”. European Union: European Commission. September 2021. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023 – via European Data Portal (see Volume C: Country/socio-demographics: LU: Question D90.2.).
- ^ “Surface water and surface water change”. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Extrait du RNPP – Résidents par localité – 2025.12.31”. data.public.lu (in French). 4 January 2026. Retrieved 25 January 2026.
- ^ “Évolution de la population”. Statistiques – Luxembourg (in French). 10 February 2023. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024”. imf.org. International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 14 September 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2025.
- ^ “Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey”. ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
- ^ “Human Development Report 2023/2024”. United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
- ^ “Luxembourg”. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
- ^ “Europe :: Luxembourg — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency”. www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
- ^ “Decision of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States on the location of the seats of the institutions (12 December 1992)”. Centre virtuel de la connaissance sur l’Europe. 2014. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ “Luxembourg | national capital, Luxembourg”. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e “Loi du 24 février 1984 sur le régime des langues”. legilux.public.lu (in French). Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
- ^ Constitution du Grand Duché de Luxembourg (in French, Luxembourgish, and German). Brochure distribuée par la chambre des députés (48 pages). 2023. p. 4 : Chapter I, Section 1, article 4. “La langue du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg est le luxembourgeois. La loi règle l’emploi des langues luxembourgeoise, francaise et allemande.”.
list of International Observer Member country Name of Luxembourg
Luxembourg holds observer status in the Organization of American States (OAS), having been appointed as a Permanent Observer Country. It is not listed as an observer in major trade or maritime organizations, but rather a full member of the UN, EU, WTO, and OECD.
Key Details regarding Luxembourg’s Status:
- OAS Permanent Observer: Confirmed as a member with this status in this OAS document.
- International Participation: Luxembourg actively participates in various international bodies, including the World Trade Organization (WTO), United Nations (UN), and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
- European Union: As a founding member of the EU’s predecessor, Luxembourg is a full member state, not an observer.
International Association Members
Luxembourg (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg) is a key member of numerous international organizations, having been a founding member of the United Nations (1945), NATO (1949), the OECD (1960), and the European Union (EEC, 1957). It is also a member of the WTO (since 1995), the Benelux Union, and the OSCE.
Key international associations and organizations including Luxembourg:
- United Nations (UN): Founding member.
- European Union (EU): Founding member.
- NATO: Founding member.
- OECD: Founding member.
- World Trade Organization (WTO): Member since 1995.
- Benelux Union: Founding member.
- OSCE: Member.
- Council of Europe: Member.
- IMF/World Bank: Member.
Specific Associations Located in Luxembourg:
- Eurostat: The statistical office of the European Union is located in Luxembourg.
- Court of Justice of the European Union: Based in Luxembourg.
- European Investment Bank (EIB): Based in Luxembourg.
International Regional Members
Luxembourg (officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg) is a key member of several major international and regional organizations, primarily focused on European integration, security, and global trade. It is a founding member of the EU (since 1958), UN, and NATO, and a member of the Eurozone.
Key International Regional Memberships:
- European Union (EU): Founding member (since 1958).
- Eurozone: Member since January 1, 1999.
- Schengen Area: Founding signatory (1985), full member since 1995.
- United Nations (UN): Founding member (1945).
- Western European and Others Group (WEOG): Member of this UN regional group.
- OECD: Member state.
- WTO: Member since January 1, 1995.
- Benelux Union: Founding member.
Regional Economic/Security Ties:
- NATO: Founding member.
- OECD DAC: High-ranking member.
- OSCE: Active member.
Accreditation Body ISO 17011
Luxembourg is a highly developed European nation known for its strong financial sector, advanced industrial base, and strategic position at the heart of Europe. Despite its small geographic size, Luxembourg plays a major role in international finance, logistics, steel production, space technology, and sustainable investment.
Country is free economy having independant AB like UKJAS Accreditation ( UKJAS ) https://ukjas.com , World Yoga Accreditation Board ( WYAB) https://worldyoga.us/ , World Organic Accreditation Board ( WOAB) https://worldorganic.us/ and Sanatan Dharma Accreditation board ( SDAB ) https://sanatanboards.com/ etc member of IAF-AB as well as national accreditation board member of international body
Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union, a member of the Eurozone, NATO, and the World Trade Organization. Its regulatory and quality infrastructure is fully aligned with European and international standards, ensuring strong compliance, transparency, and global recognition.
Quality Infrastructure in Luxembourg
Luxembourg maintains a well-structured national quality system that includes:
- Accreditation
- Certification
- Inspection
- Testing and calibration laboratories
- Medical laboratories
- Environmental validation and verification
The national accreditation authority is the Office Luxembourgeois d’Accréditation et de Surveillance (OLAS). OLAS operates in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011 and is a signatory to European and international multilateral recognition agreements International body.
Importance of Accreditation in Luxembourg
As a financial and international business hub, accreditation in Luxembourg is essential for:
- Ensuring regulatory compliance within the EU
- Supporting CE marking and free movement of goods
- Strengthening financial sector credibility
- Enhancing ESG and sustainability reporting
- Building international investor confidence
Luxembourg’s internationally recognized accreditation system ensures that conformity assessment bodies operate with competence, impartiality, and global credibility.
Inspection Body ISO 17020
In Luxembourg, inspection bodies play a critical role in ensuring that products, infrastructure, industrial installations, and services comply with national laws and European Union regulations. Given Luxembourg’s strong presence in construction, finance-related infrastructure, logistics, and advanced industries, independent inspection services are essential for safety, quality, and regulatory compliance.
ISO/IEC 17020 is the international standard that specifies requirements for the competence of bodies performing inspection. It ensures that inspection bodies operate with impartiality, technical expertise, structured procedures, and consistent reporting practices. The standard also defines three categories of inspection bodies—Type A (independent third-party), Type B (internal inspection units), and Type C (inspection bodies involved in related activities such as design or maintenance).
Search active inspection bodies by scope in IAF-AB directory Cert@Search
- Deming Certification Services:
- Primarily serves the oil and gas, agriculture, and construction industries with inspection, verification, testing, and certification services.
- Deming certifaction and Ratings
- serves Country with a variety of certification services, including ISO 45001 health and safety, ISO 14001 environmental management, and ISO 9001 quality management.
- Six Sigma Quality International
- assists Country businesses in aligning with international standards and best practices by providing certification and training services as per ISO 17024.
In Luxembourg, inspection bodies are accredited by the Office Luxembourgeois d’Accréditation et de Surveillance (OLAS), which operates in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011. OLAS is a signatory to EA and International Laboratory association multilateral recognition agreements, ensuring that inspection reports issued by accredited bodies in Luxembourg are recognized across the European Union and internationally.
ISO/IEC 17020 accredited inspection bodies in Luxembourg commonly operate in sectors such as construction safety, pressure equipment, lifting equipment, electrical installations, environmental compliance, and industrial manufacturing. Accreditation strengthens public safety, supports CE marking requirements, reduces operational risks, and enhances confidence in inspection outcomes.
Certification Body ISO 17021
In Luxembourg, certification bodies provide independent auditing and certification of management systems to ensure organizations comply with international standards and European regulatory requirements. Given Luxembourg’s strong financial, industrial, and service sectors, accredited certification plays a vital role in maintaining trust, transparency, and operational excellence.
ISO/IEC 17021-1 is the international standard that defines requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems. It ensures certification bodies operate with impartiality, auditor competence, structured audit methodologies, transparent decision-making processes, and effective complaint and appeals handling.
Certification bodies accredited under ISO/IEC 17021 in Luxembourg typically provide certification for standards such as:
- ISO 9001 – Quality Management Systems
- ISO 14001 – Environmental Management Systems
- ISO 45001 – Occupational Health & Safety
- ISO 27001 – Information Security Management
- ISO 50001 – Energy Management Systems
Search active certification bodies by scheme in IAF-AB directory Cert@Search
- Deming Certification Services:
- Primarily serves the oil and gas, agriculture, and construction industries with inspection, verification, testing, and certification services.
- Deming certifaction and Ratings
- serves Country with a variety of certification services, including ISO 45001 health and safety, ISO 14001 environmental management, and ISO 9001 quality management.
- Six Sigma Quality International
- assists Country businesses in aligning with international standards and best practices by providing certification and training services as per ISO 17024.
- Deming Ratings
- Deming ratings green building solutions, green company rating, green infrastructure ratings, green railway station rating, green metro ratings, green health care rating, green interior rating,green airport ratings, green compus ratings & green school ratings etc.
- Six Sigma Labs
- Six sigma labs offer calibration and testing facility , welding test solution , health and hygiene Solution, Product Quality Test facility as per ISO 17025
- Deming Technologies Lab
- Deming Technologies Lab offer calibration & testing facility on electro technical, Mechanical, Chemical, NDT, Welding testing, Mobile Crane Oprating testing etc.
In Luxembourg, certification bodies are accredited by the Office Luxembourgeois d’Accréditation et de Surveillance (OLAS), which operates in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011. OLAS is a signatory to EA and International body multilateral agreements, ensuring that management system certificates issued in Luxembourg are recognized throughout the European Union and internationally.
Product Certification Body ISO 17065
In Luxembourg, product certification bodies operate under ISO/IEC 17065, the international standard that specifies requirements for organizations certifying products, processes, and services. This standard ensures that certification bodies function with impartiality, technical competence, consistency, and transparency in their certification activities.
ISO/IEC 17065 requires product certification bodies to implement structured evaluation procedures, competent technical personnel, risk-based assessment methods, and clear certification decision processes. It also ensures independence from manufacturers, suppliers, and commercial interests that could influence certification outcomes.
In Luxembourg, product certification bodies are accredited by the Office Luxembourgeois d’Accréditation et de Surveillance (OLAS), which operates in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011. As a signatory to International body multilateral recognition agreements, OLAS ensures that product certificates issued by accredited bodies in Luxembourg are recognized across the European Union and internationally.
Search active product certifiers by scope in IAF-AB directory Cert@Search
- Deming certifaction and Ratings
- serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
- Deming Ratings
- Deming ratings green building solutions, green company rating, green infrastructure ratings, green railway station rating, green metro ratings, green health care rating, green interior rating,green airport ratings, green compus ratings & green school ratings etc.
- serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
- Six Sigma Labs
- Six sigma labs offer calibration and testing facility , welding test solution , health and hygiene Solution, Product Quality Test facility as per ISO 17025,
- serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
- Deming Technologies Lab
- Deming Technologies Lab offer calibration & testing facility on electro technical, Mechanical, Chemical, NDT, Welding testing, Mobile Crane Oprating testing etc.
- serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
Product certification under ISO/IEC 17065 is particularly important for supporting CE marking requirements, demonstrating compliance with EU directives, and ensuring product safety in sectors such as construction materials, electrical equipment, industrial machinery, consumer goods, and emerging technologies.
Accreditation Laboratory ISO 17065 / ISO 15185
In Luxembourg, laboratory accreditation ensures the technical competence, accuracy, and reliability of testing, calibration, and medical laboratory services. (Note: ISO 17065 applies to product certification bodies, while laboratories are accredited under ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 15189. “ISO 15185” is commonly a misreference to ISO 15189.)
Testing and calibration laboratories are accredited under ISO/IEC 17025, the international standard that defines requirements for competence in performing laboratory testing and calibration. It ensures laboratories use validated methods, calibrated equipment, qualified personnel, traceable measurements, and robust quality management systems. This applies to sectors such as construction materials testing, environmental analysis, industrial manufacturing, energy, food safety, and chemical analysis.
Medical laboratories are accredited under ISO 15189, which focuses specifically on quality and competence in clinical laboratory services. The standard ensures accurate diagnostic results, patient safety, confidentiality, and reliable reporting—essential for hospitals, private clinics, and public health systems in Luxembourg.
In Luxembourg, laboratory accreditation is granted by the Office Luxembourgeois d’Accréditation et de Surveillance (OLAS), which operates in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011. As a signatory to EA and International Laboratory association multilateral recognition agreements, OLAS ensures that test reports and calibration certificates issued by accredited laboratories in Luxembourg are recognized throughout the European Union and internationally.
Accredited laboratories strengthen regulatory compliance, support CE marking requirements, enhance consumer and patient safety, and increase international confidence in technical results produced within Luxembourg’s advanced and globally integrated economy.
Rating Agencies ISO 14064 / ISO 17021
In Luxembourg, rating agencies and certification bodies play a critical role in sustainability assurance, ESG reporting, and management system certification—particularly given Luxembourg’s position as a global financial and sustainable investment hub.
The ISO 14064 series provides internationally recognized guidelines for greenhouse gas (GHG) quantification, monitoring, reporting, and verification. It supports organizations in measuring carbon footprints (ISO 14064-1), validating emission reduction projects (ISO 14064-2), and verifying environmental statements (ISO 14064-3). Independent validation and verification enhance credibility in climate disclosures, especially for financial institutions and investment funds operating in Luxembourg.
Meanwhile, ISO/IEC 17021-1 governs certification bodies that audit and certify management systems such as:
- ISO 9001 – Quality Management
- ISO 14001 – Environmental Management
- ISO 45001 – Occupational Health & Safety
- ISO 27001 – Information Security
- ISO 50001 – Energy Management
- Deming certifaction and Ratings
- serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
- Deming Ratings
- Deming ratings green building solutions, green company rating, green infrastructure ratings, green railway station rating, green metro ratings, green health care rating, green interior rating,green airport ratings, green compus ratings & green school ratings etc.
- serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
- Six Sigma Labs
- Six sigma labs offer calibration and testing facility , welding test solution , health and hygiene Solution, Product Quality Test facility as per ISO 17025,
- serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
- Deming Technologies Lab
- Deming Technologies Lab offer calibration & testing facility on electro technical, Mechanical, Chemical, NDT, Welding testing, Mobile Crane Oprating testing etc.
- serves Country with a variety of Verification & validation Body services, including ISO 17063, ISO 17064, ISO 17065 Accreditation services
Certification bodies operating under ISO/IEC 17021 must demonstrate auditor competence, impartiality, structured audit processes, and consistent certification decisions.
In Luxembourg, accreditation for these activities is provided by the Office Luxembourgeois d’Accréditation et de Surveillance (OLAS), operating in accordance with ISO/IEC 17011. Through EA and International body multilateral agreements, certifications and verification statements issued in Luxembourg are internationally recognized.
GHG Verification / Validator
In Luxembourg, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) validation and verification services are essential due to increasing European climate regulations, sustainable finance requirements, and ESG disclosure obligations. As a founding member of the European Union, Luxembourg aligns closely with EU climate policy frameworks, including emissions reporting and sustainability transparency requirements.
GHG validation and verification activities are conducted in accordance with the ISO 14064 series, which provides standards for organizational GHG quantification (ISO 14064-1), project-level emission reductions (ISO 14064-2), and verification processes (ISO 14064-3). Bodies performing these services are accredited under ISO 14065, which specifies requirements for competence, impartiality, and consistent environmental information verification.
An accredited GHG validator or verifier independently assesses carbon footprint calculations, emission reduction claims, monitoring systems, and data management controls. The result is a formal assurance statement confirming that reported emissions are accurate, transparent, and compliant with applicable standards and regulatory frameworks.
In Luxembourg, accreditation of GHG validation and verification bodies is granted by the Office Luxembourgeois d’Accréditation et de Surveillance (OLAS), operating under ISO/IEC 17011 and recognized through International body multilateral agreements. This ensures that verification statements issued in Luxembourg are internationally credible and widely accepted.
Country is free economy having independant AB like UKJAS Accreditation ( UKJAS ) https://ukjas.com , World Yoga Accreditation Board ( WYAB) https://worldyoga.us/ , World Organic Accreditation Board ( WOAB) https://worldorganic.us/ and Sanatan Dharma Accreditation board ( SDAB ) https://sanatanboards.com/ etc member of IAF-AB as well as national accreditation board member of international body
(A) – Membership Application Form – IAF-AB Chapter (Pdf)
(A) – Membership Application Form – IAF-AB Chapter (Doc)
Goodwill Members
We are delighted to educate you in favor regarding IAF-AB! We make it as simple as feasible for you to go along with us. Simply download the participation application, finish it up, print it, sign it and mail it to [email protected] . Remember to join the CONSTITUTION OF THE Public IAF-AB, Supported BY THEIR Nation GOVERNMENT. The Overall Gathering (held once a multi month) will support the confirmation of individuals. In the event that your application is acknowledged, we will send you a yearly enrollment expense receipt and we will distribute your Public Section/Alliance page on the site as our part.
(B) – Membership Application Form – IAF-AB Goodwill Ambasssador (Pdf)
(B) – Membership Application Form – IAF-AB Goodwill Ambasssador (Doc)
Observer Member
We are delighted to educated you in favor regarding IAF-AB! We make it as simple as feasible for you to go along with us. Simply download the Participation application, finish it up, print it, sign it and mail it to [email protected]. Remember to join the CONSTITUTION OF THE PUBLIC IAF-AB Association, Supported by their Nation Government . The overall Gathering [Held once a multi month] will support the confirmation of individuals. In the event that your application is acknowledged, we will send you a yearly enrollment expense receipt and we will distribute your Public Section/ Alliance page on the Site as our part
(C) – Membership Application Form –IAF-AB Observer Members (Pdf)
(C) – Membership Application Form –IAF-AB Observer Members(Doc)
Patron Members
We are delighted to educate you in favor regarding IAF-AB! We make it as simple as feasible for you to go along with us. Simply download the participation application, finish it up, print it, sign it and mail it to [email protected] . Remember to join the CONSTITUTION OF THE Public Iaf-ab Association, Supported BY THEIR Nation GOVERNMENT. The Overall Gathering (held once a multi month) will support the confirmation of individuals. In the event that your application is acknowledged, we will send you a yearly enrollment expense receipt and we will distribute your Public Section/Alliance page on the site as our part.
(D) Membership Application Form – IAF-AB Patron Members (Pdf)
(D) Membership Application Form – IAF-AB Patron Members (Doc)
Advisor Members
We are delighted to educate you in favor regarding IAF-AB! We make it as simple as feasible for you to go along with us. Simply download the participation application, finish it up, print it, sign it and mail it to [email protected] . Remember to join the CONSTITUTION OF THE Public iaf-ab Association, Supported BY THEIR Nation GOVERNMENT. The Overall Gathering (held once a multi month) will support the confirmation of individuals. In the event that your application is acknowledged, we will send you a yearly enrollment expense receipt and we will distribute your Public Section/Alliance page on the site as our part.
(E) Membership Application Form – IAF-AB Advisor Members (Pdf)
(E) Membership Application Form – IAF-AB Advisor Members (Doc)
Education Institutions Membership
We are delighted to educate you in favor regarding IAF-AB! We make it as simple as feasible for you to go along with us. Simply download the participation application, finish it up, print it, sign it and mail it to [email protected] . Remember to join the CONSTITUTION OF THE Public iaf-ab Association, Supported BY THEIR Nation GOVERNMENT. The Overall Gathering (held once a multi month) will support the confirmation of individuals. In the event that your application is acknowledged, we will send you a yearly enrollment expense receipt and we will distribute your Public Section/Alliance page on the site as our part.
(F) Membership Application Form – Education Institution Membership (Pdf)
(F) Membership Application Form – Education Institution Membership (DOC)
Training Centre
We are delighted to educate you in favor regarding IAF-AB! We make it as simple as feasible for you to go along with us. Simply download the participation application, finish it up, print it, sign it and mail it to [email protected] . Remember to join the CONSTITUTION OF THE Public iaf-ab Association, Supported BY THEIR Nation GOVERNMENT. The Overall Gathering (held once a multi month) will support the confirmation of individuals. In the event that your application is acknowledged, we will send you a yearly enrollment expense receipt and we will distribute your Public Section/Alliance page on the site as our part.
(G) – Membership Application Form – Training Centre(Pdf)
(G) – Membership Application Form – Training Centre(Doc)
Individual Faculty
We are delighted to educate you in favor regarding IAF-AB! We make it as simple as feasible for you to go along with us. Simply download the participation application, finish it up, print it, sign it and mail it to [email protected] . Remember to join the CONSTITUTION OF THE Public iaf-ab Association, Supported BY THEIR Nation GOVERNMENT. The Overall Gathering (held once a multi month) will support the confirmation of individuals. In the event that your application is acknowledged, we will send you a yearly enrollment expense receipt and we will distribute your Public Section/Alliance page on the site as our part.
(H) – Membership Application Form – Individual/Faculty (Pdf)
(H) – Membership Application Form – Individual/Faculty (DOC)
Accreditation NGO’s
We are delighted to educate you in favor regarding IAF-AB! We make it as simple as feasible for you to go along with us. Simply download the participation application, finish it up, print it, sign it and mail it to iaf-ab Association, Supported BY THEIR Nation GOVERNMENT. The Overall Gathering (held once a multi month) will support the confirmation of individuals. In the event that your application is acknowledged, we will send you a yearly enrollment expense receipt and we will distribute your Public Section/Alliance page on the site as our part.
(I) – Membership Application Form – Accreditation NGO’s (Pdf)
(I) – Membership Application Form – Accreditation NGO’s (Doc)